Andrea Di Nicola

Prostitution and Human Trafficking: Focus on Clients Andrea Di Nicola 2009 edition

Marc Notes: Includes bibliographical references and index. Jacket Description/Back: While the trafficking of women for prostitution has been the subject of numerous studies, Prostitution and Human Trafficking is the first book to focus on demand as a key factor in the equation. In order to do this, the editors adopted a double approach: on the one hand, a "virtual ethnography" was developed that focused on the analysis of specialized forums on the web and that used an anonymous internet questionnaire as interview method. On the other, fieldwork allowed national research teams to collect interviews and data from likely clients of trafficked prostitutes, prostitutes themselves, from police officers involved and from national experts. Who is the client of trafficked prostitution? What fuels the demand for trafficked prostitution as opposed to other forms? Which are the most effective policies for what type of prostitution? The research in this book aims to answer these questions with an innovative approach. The editors have explored the hidden world of human trafficking for prostitution and profiled its clients. In doing so, they have refuted some common stereotypes about clients while inspiring the elaboration of balanced guidelines for managing prostitution, protecting the victims and thus tackling its undesired trafficking component. Prostitution and Human Trafficking is highly recommended for researchers in the fields of criminology, sociology and law as well as for the law enforcement and legal communities. The book is also recommended for organizations and policymakers involved in fighting organized crime in general and human trafficking in particular. Biographical Note: Andrea Di Nicola earned his Ph. D. in Criminology at the University of Bari-Trento on 11 June 2001. Since 2004 he has been a researcher in Sociology of Deviance at the School of Law at the University of Trento (Italy), member of the Department of Legal Sciences of the University of Trento, and research coordinator of the Trento office of Transcrime, Joint Research Centre on Transnational Crime, University of Trento Catholic University of Milan (Italy). Since 2004 he has taught Criminology and Applied Criminology at the School of Law at the University of Trento. Since 2003 he has been member of the Academic Board of the International Ph. D. in Criminology of the Catholic University of Milan, coordinated by Prof. Ernesto Savona, where he has tutored several foreign and Italian Ph. D. students. Since 2006 he has been a member of the Academic Board of the Ph. D. in International Studies of the University of Trento, coordinated by Prof. Vincent Della Sala. He has spent research periods abroad in Europe and Australia. In December 1996, he graduated summa cum laude from the School of Law at the University of Trento with a thesis in Criminology. Under the supervision of Prof. Ernesto Savona, Dr. Di Nicola is coordinator of all the research projects developed in the Trento office of Transcrime. Between 2001 and 2007, he has been project manager or lead researcher for more than 20 national and international research projects carried out by Transcrime jointly with other leading EU research centres or researchers, in the field of crime prevention, crime risk assessment as well as economic and organised crime. Many of these projects have concerned trafficking in human beings. Andrea Cauduro is a researcher at Transcrime and a Ph. D. candidate in criminology at the Catholic University in Milan (final discussion foreseen in february 2008). In 2004 he graduated in law with a final dissertation in criminology on trafficking in human beings in the EU. Since then he has been participating as a researcher in several EU financed research projects on this topic. In addition, he has been extensively writing in national and international books and scientific articles, participating as a speaker at some international conferences and has held some lectures at the University of Trento. Finally, since 2007 he has been cooperating with the International Organization for Migration (IOM) as an expert on trafficking in human beings. Marco Lombardi is associated professor at the Faculty of Humanities, Catholic University, Milan, teaching Sociology, Theory and Technique of mass communication and Crisis management. He is member of the board of the Ph. D. School of the Faculty of Sociology, director of the Master in Communication of the High School of Communication, director of ITSTIME project (Italian Team for Security Terroristic Issues & Managing Emergencies) member of the board of the Master in Urban Security, member of board of the International Ph. D. in Criminology, member of the board of the Master in International Emergencies Management, faculty of Psychology. He is author of various publications: "Il Kashmir e sempre piu caldo," in Liberal Risk, 2007; An Italian Village, Dreams Creek, Milan 2006; Comunicare nell emergenza, Vita e Pensiero, Milan 2005; La comunicazione dei rischi naturali, Vita e Pensiero, Milan 2005; "How to Achieve a Real Pacification Amongst the Iraqi Communities?," in The New Iraq, Landau 2005; "Comments on Al-Qaeda s terrorism and the nuclear threat," in Acque & Terre, 2004. Paolo Ruspini (PhD, Milan) is Senior researcher at the Faculty of Communication Sciences of the University of Lugano, Switzerland, as well as Associate Fellow at the Centre for Research in Ethnic Relations (CRER) of the University of Warwick, United Kingdom. A political scientist, he has been researching issues of international and European migration and integration with a comparative approach and by drawing on policy and some qualitative analyses. He is an active member of some of the most important European research networks regarding international migration and social cohesion as well as being a consultant for national and international institutions. In the year 2001, Ruspini received a Marie Curie post-doctoral fellowship for his project "Living on the Edge: Irregular Migrants in Europe" and he also received a grant for holding the position of principal investigator at CRER for the research project in collaboration with the Centre of Migration Research of Warsaw University "In Search for a New Europe: Contrasting Migratory Experiences" (2001-2005). Paolo Ruspini was visiting scholar at the Mershon Center for Education, Ohio State University (1998) and worked for the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (1995-1996). He combines research activities with routine lectures at a post-graduate level in a number of universities and international institutions. He is author of Migration in the New Europe: East-West Revisited (2004, Palgrave-Macmillan, co-edited with A. Gorny) as well as various publications on migration."Table of Contents: Part I. Investigation on the Demand for Trafficked Women -- 1. Introduction / Andrea Cauduro, Andrea Di Nicola, Marco Lombardi, Paolo Ruspini -- 2. Review of the Research Studies on the Demand for Prostitution in the European Union and Beyond / Andrea Cauduro -- 3. Objectives and Methodology of the Research / Andrea Di Nicola, Paolo Ruspini -- Part II. Results from the Fieldwork in Italy, Netherlands, Romania and Sweden -- 4. Innocent When You Dream Clients and Trafficked Women in Italy / Andrea Cauduro, Andrea Di Nicola, Chiara Fonio, Andrea Nuvoloni, Paolo ruspini -- 5. The Flesh is Weak, the Spirit Even Weaker Clients and Trafficked Women in the Netherlands / Damian Zaitch, Richard Staring -- 6. Romania: Emerging Market for Trafficking? Clients and Trafficked Women in Romania / Dan Alexandru Dragomirescu, Carmen Necula, Raluca Simion -- 7. In the Land of Prohibition? Clients and Trafficked Women in Sweden / Johanna Hagstedt, Lars Korsell, Alfred Skagero -- Part III. Perspectives on the Clients through an Internet Survey -- 8. An Internet Survey to Understand Clients / Marco Lombardi, Chiara Fonio -- Part IV. Conclusions -- 9. Learning from Clients / Andrea Di Nicola, Paolo Ruspini -- Bibliography -- Index. Publisher Marketing: Andrea Cauduro, Andrea Di Nicola, Marco Lombardi, and Paolo Ruspini Client: Have you ever had a [ ] by an Albanian? Researcher: No Client: You should have one, they re great! I ll tell you something: between an exploited girl and a free one, I choose the exploited one. Because a girl who s being exploited has to give money to her pimp, otherwise she ll be beaten. The others, when they ve earned enough they stop working. The exploited ones no: even they don t want to work, they have to stay there and if they don t pay the pimp they re beaten [ ] If you think about it, you notice it is more a help than anything else. We all know they re exploited, so it s better to go with them, otherwise they ll be slaughtered! These two tough excerpts from interviews with clients of foreign prostitution stress the core point of this work: There seems to be a different view, a different logic that moves these men in their search for commercial sex. This is the focus of the discussion and the main reason for this volume. We have attempted to study the phenomenon of trafficking from a different and innovative perspective: the demand. Trafficking in human beings for sexual exploitation (and not only) has involved all the European Union and more in general Western European countries in the past twenty years."

Contributor Bio:  Lombardi, Marco Andrea Cauduro, born 4 May 1978, is a researcher at Transcrime and a Ph. D. candidate in criminology at the Catholic University in Milan (final discussion foreseen in february 2008). In 2004 he graduated in law with a final dissertation in criminology on trafficking in human beings in the EU. Since then he has been participating as a researcher in several EU financed research projects on this topic. In addition, he has been extensively writing in national and international books and scientific articles, participating as a speaker at some international conferences and has held some lectures at the University of Trento. Finally, since 2007 he has been cooperating with the International Organization for Migration (IOM) as an expert on trafficking in human beings. Andrea Di Nicola, born 29 August 1973 earned his Ph. D. in Criminology at the University of Bari-Trento on 11 June 2001. Since 2004 he has been a researcher in Sociology of Deviance at the School of Law at the University of Trento (Italy), member of the Department of Legal Sciences of the University of Trento, and research coordinator of the Trento office of Transcrime, Joint Research Centre on Transnational Crime, University of Trento???Catholic University of Milan (Italy). Since 2004 he has taught Criminology and Applied Criminology at the School of Law at the University of Trento. Since 2003 he has been member of the Academic Board of the International Ph. D. in Criminology of the Catholic University of Milan, coordinated by Prof. Ernesto Savona, where he has tutored several foreign and Italian Ph. D. students. Since 2006 he has been a member of the Academic Board of the Ph. D. in International Studies of the University ofTrento, coordinated by Prof. Vincent Della Sala. He has spent research periods abroad in Europe and Australia. In December 1996, he graduated summa cum laude from the School of Law at the University of Trento with a thesis in Criminology. Under the supervision of Prof. Ernesto Savona, Dr. Di Nicola is coordinator of all the research projects developed in the Trento office of Transcrime. Between 2001 and 2007, he has been project manager or lead researcher for more than 20 national and international research projects carried out by Transcrime jointly with other leading EU research centres or researchers, in the field of crime prevention, crime risk assessment as well as economic and organised crime. Many of these projects have concerned trafficking in human beings. Paolo Ruspini, born 30 October 1966, holds a Ph. D. in Political Psychology from Milan Catholic University and a degree in Political Science from Milan State University. He is Associate Fellow in the Centre for Research in Ethnic Relations (CRER) at the University of Warwick (UK) as well as Senior Researcher at the ISMU Foundation, Initiatives and Studies on Multiethnicity in Milan. His main research interests include migration and European integration, i.e. post-Enlargement migration space, EU immigration and asylum policy, immigrant integration, irregular migration, migration control, migrant trafficking and smuggling. He is an active member of a number of research networks on migration and social cohesion supported by the European Commission as well as an expert and consultant for several institutions. Dr. Ruspini was the recipient in 2000 of a Marie Curie Post-doc Fellowship for the project "Living on the Edge: Irregular Migrants in Europe" as well as the principal investigator at CRER of the research project "In Search for a New Europe: Contrasting Migratory Experiences" (2001-2005) in cooperation with the Centre of Migration Research of Warsaw University adopting a model of analysis that stress country similarities in studying the interrelation between flows and policies of the enlarging European migration space. Among other international research projects he has participated in, noteworthy is the EC??'s project "Easy Scapegoats: ???Sans-Papiers??? Immigrants in Europe" (1999-2000), the ILO research "Irregular Sub-saharan Immigration through and towards Morocco" (2000-2002), the "Immigrants??? Integration Paths and Active Labour Policies: National and International Experience" in the Metropolis International Project framework (2004-2005) and the Cluster A1 of the IMISCOE (European Network of Excellence in the domain of International Migration, Integration and Social Cohesion) network (from July 2005). He was visiting scholar at the Mershon Center for Education, Ohio State University (1998) and worked for the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (1995-1996). Dr. Ruspini matches research activities with routine lectures at post-graduate level for national and international institutions. Besides a significant number of papers in professional journals and international conferences, he is the editor, with Agata Gorny, of the book "Migration in the New Europe. East-West Revisited" published by Palgrave-Macmillan in September 2004. Marco Lombardi, is associated professor at the Faculty of Humanities, Catholic University, Milan, teaching Sociology, Theory and Technique of masscommunication and Crisis management. He is member of the board of the Ph. D. School of the Faculty of Sociology, director of the Master in Communication of the High School of Communication, director of ITSTIME project (Italian Team for Security Terroristic Issues & Managing Emergencies) member of the board of the Master in Urban Security, member of board of the International Ph. D. in Criminology, member of the board of the Master in International Emergencies Management, faculty of Psychology. He is author of various publications: "Il Kashmir ?? sempre pi?? caldo," in Liberal Risk, 2007; An Italian Village, Dreams Creek, Milan 2006; Comunicare nell???emergenza, Vita e Pensiero, Milan 2005; La comunicazione dei rischi naturali, Vita e Pensiero, Milan 2005; "How to Achieve a Real Pacification Amongst the Iraqi Communities?," in The New Iraq, Landau 2005; "Comments on Al-Qaeda??'s terrorism and the nuclear threat," in Acque & Terre, 2004. Contributor Bio:  Ruspini, Paolo Agata Gorny is an Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Economic Sciences, Warsaw University. Paolo Ruspini is Associate Fellow at the Centre for research in Ethnic Relations, University of Warwick, UK and also Researcher at the ISMU Foundation, Initiatives and Studies on Multiethnicity, Milan.