Claudine Elmerich

Associative and Endophytic Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria and Cyanobacterial Associations - Nitrogen Fixation: Origins, Applications, and Research Progress Claudine Elmerich 2007 edition

Marc Notes: Includes bibliographical references and subject index. Description for Sales People: This is the self-contained fifth volume of a comprehensive seven-volume series covering both fundamental and applied aspects of nitrogen-fixation research since the 19th century, addressing associations less formalized than the rhizobia-legume asociatons but have a myriad of effects on their plant hosts. The book describes milestones in the discovery of the associative and endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria found involved with cereal crops, forage grasses, and sugar cane. It provides a comprehensive overview of their phylogeny, physiology, and genetics as well as of the biology of their association with their host plants, including tools for in situ localization and population-dynamics analysis. Also included are chapters describing the functions required for a bacterium to be competent and competitive in the rhizosphere, and analysis of associations of cyanobacteria with fungi, diatoms, bryophytes, cycads, Azolla, and Gunnera, including the complex regulatory network that controls the differentiation of vegetative cells into nitrogen fixing heterocysts. Table of Contents: Preface to the Series. Preface. List of Contributors. Dedication. 1. Historical Perspective: From Bacterization to Endophytes; C. Elmerich1. The Nitrogen Cycle: Heritage from the 19th Century2. Nutritional Interactions between Bacteria and Plants3. Associative Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria4. Discovery of Nitrogen-fixing Endophytes5. Cyanobacterial Associations6. Concluding RemarksAcknowledgementReferences 2. Molecular Phylogeny and Ecology of Root-Associated Diazotrophic a- and ss-Protobacteria; M. Schmid and A. Hartmann1. Introduction2. Tools for Molecular Phylogeny and in situ Localizationof Bacterial Isolates and Communities3. Molecular Phylogeny and Ecology of Azospirillum and Other Nitrogen-fixing a-Subclass Protobacteria4. Molecular Phylogeny and Ecology of Herbaspirillum, Diazotrophic Burkholderia spp., and Other Nitrogen-fixing ss-Protobacteria5. Conclusions and Prospects for Future StudiesAcknowledgementsReferences 3. Regulation of Nitrogen Fixation and Ammonium Assimilation in Associative and Endophytic Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria; F. O. Pedrosa and C. Elmerich1. Introduction2. Rhizospheric and Endophytic Bacteria: General Features3. Structural Organization of nif Genes4. Identification of RpoN and Its Involvement in Nitrogen Fixation5. Thr Ntr System and Control of Nitrogen Metabolism and Nitrogen Fixation6. Regulation of Nitrogen Fixation7. ConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferences 4. Chemotaxis in Soil Diazotrophs: Survival and Adaptive Response; G. Alexandre and I. B. Zhulin1. Introduction2. Gene-Expression Regulation and Chemotaxis as Adaptive Responses to Environmental changes3. Molecular Mechanism of the Chemotactic Response: Learning from Escherichia coli4. Directed Motility in Soil Diazotrophs5. Future StudiesReferences 5. Molecular Genetics of Rhizosphere and Plant-Root Colonization; E. Vanbleu and J. Vanderleyden1. Introduction2. Motility of Associative Diazotrophs3. Attachment to Plant Roots4. Rhizosphere Competence5. ConclusionsAcknowledgementReferences 6. Microbial Production of Plant Hormones; B. E. Baca and C. Elmerich1. Discovery of Phytohormones2. Production and Role of Phytohormones3. Pathways for Plant Hormone Biosynthesis: Common Routes in Plants, Bacteria and Fungi4. Major Routes for IAA synthesis in Pathogenic and Beneficial Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria Associated with Plants5. Multiple Routes for IAA Synthesis in Azospirillum6. Other Phytohormones Produced by Plant Pathogenic and Nitrogen-fixing Associated and Endophytic Bacteria7. Plant Growth Promotion (PGP): Role of Bacterial Phytohormone Production, ACC-Deaminase, and the Use of Synthetic Auxins8. Concluding RemarksAcknowledgementReferences 7. The Plant Growth-Promoting Effect and Plant Responses; S. Dobbelaere and Y. Okon1. N2 Fixation vs. "Hormonal" Effects: Historical Perspectives 2. Effects of Azospirillum and Other Diazotrophs on Root Morphology3. Effects on Root Function4. Effects on Plant Growth5. Future StudiesReferences 8. Biocontrol of Plant Diseases by Associative and Endophytic Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria; R. Bally and C. Elmerich1. Beneficial Plant-Associated Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria and Biocontrol of Plant Disease2. Interactions within Microbial Communities: Competition 3. Biological Control against Soil-Borne Diseases4. Regulation of Biocontrol Properties and Cell-Cell5. Plant Response to Pathogens and Biological Control in the Rhizosphere6. Concluding RemarksAcknowledgementsReferences 9. Endophytic Associations of Azoarcus spp; B. Reinhold-Hurek and T. Hurek1. Introduction2. The Rise of Interest in Diazotrophic Endophytes3. Azoarcus spp. and related Genera: Strictly Plant-Associated vs. Soil Bacteria4. Habitats and Ecophysiology5. Interactions with Fungi6. Infection of Roots by Endophytic Diazotrophs: An Active Specific Process?7. Concluding RemarksReferences 10. Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Sugarcane; V. Reis, S. Lee and C. Kennedy1. Short History of the Sugarcane-Cropping System2. Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria Colonizing Sugarcane: New Phylogenetic Data, Properties, and Endophytic Status3. Contribution of BNF to the Sugarcane Crop4. Effect of N Fertilization on BNF5. Genes for Nitrogen Fixation and Their Regulation in G. diazotrophicus and H. seropedicae6. Is Indole Acetic Acid Production an Important Factor in the Ability of G. diazotrophicus to Enhance Growth of Sugarcane?7. Concluding RemarksAcknowledgementsReferences 11. Heterocyst Differentiation and Nitrogen Fixation in Cyanobacteria; R. Haselkorn1. Early History of the Association of Nitrogen Fixation with Heterocysts2. Cyanobacterial Nitrogenase and nif-Genes Organization3. Pathway of N Assimilation4. Carbon Metabolism in Heterocysts5. Genetic Tools for Studying Cyanobacterial Nitrogen Fixation6. Regulatory Genes Required for Heterocyst Differentiation7. ProspectsAcknowledgementReferences 12. Cyanobacterial Associations; B. Bergman, A. N. Rai and U. Rasmussen1. Introduction2. Historical Aspects and Landmarks3. Symbioses with Diatoms (Algae)4. Symbioses with Fungi5. Symbioses with Bryophytes6. Symbioses with Pteridophytes7. Symbioses with Cycads8. Symbiosis with Gunnera9. Creation of New Symbioses and ProspectsAcknowledgementsReferences 13. Prospects for Significant Nitrogen Fixation in Grasses from Bacterial Endophytes; E. W. Triplett1. Ultimate Objective of Nitrogen-fixation Research Nitrogen Fixation in Maize, Wheat and Rice2. Understanding the Basic Biology of Endophytic Colonization: Using K. pneumoniae 342 as the Model Diazotrophic Endophyute3. Attributes Needed for a Model Diazotrophic Endophyte4. Future Work Needed to Replace Nitrogen Fertilizer with Diazotrophic EndophytesReferences Subject Index"Publisher Marketing: This book is the self-contained fifth volume of a comprehensive seven-volume series covering both fundamental and applied aspects of nitrogen-fixation research since the 19th century. It addresses the issues arising from bacterial colonization of either the plant-root surface or other tissues as well as their modes of doing so. These associations are less formalized than the rhizobia-legume symbiosis but, as more and more of them are discovered, their myriad of effects on their plant hosts is becoming understood. Among the effects, in addition to often providing fixed nitrogen, plant growth can be promoted and plant diseases controlled. An understanding at the molecular level of the mechanisms by which these bacteria benefit crop productivity is an important issue in agriculture. This book describes the milestones in the discovery of the associative and endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria found intimately involved with cereal crops, forage grasses, and sugar cane.