Suzanne Kadereit

Umbilical Cord Blood: A Future For Regenerative Medicine? Suzanne Kadereit

Jacket Description/Flap: Umbilical cord blood, previously discarded after birth, has emerged over recent years as an alternative source of hematopoietic stem cells for hematological reconstitution, mainly for leukemia patients, as well as for some hematological deficiencies and bone marrow failures. In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that cord blood, as well as the surrounding tissue of the umbilical cord, contain additional stem cells which have been shown to be of great potential for regenerative medicine. Importantly, cord blood is abundant, it can be banked and shipped with ease, and thus has an indisputable potential for future medicines and regenerative therapies. Driven by a massive interest for regenerative medicine and alternative yet ethically acceptable stem cell sources, the scientific literature on umbilical cord and cord blood stem cells has increased tremendously. This book provides a consolidated, up-to-date overview of basic research on hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells contained within umbilical cord tissue, as well as other more recently described stem and precursor cells of not yet fully elucidated potential. It also takes an in-depth look at basic and translational research efforts with stem cells from the umbilical cord in academic institutions and biotech companies. Suitable for use as a primer and reference book by medical fellows and researchers entering the research fields of stem cell biology and regenerative medicine, it can also be used by students (undergraduate and graduate) as a starting point for read-up on the literature on stem cells and their potential and applications, or as a teaching tool in graduate schools for biologists, particularly for students wanting to enter the emerging field of stem cell biology. Marc Notes: Includes bibliographical references and index. Table of Contents: Contributors -- Preface -- Part I. Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) -- 1. Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Umbilical Cord Blood / Claudia Lengerke, Suzanne Kadereit -- Introduction -- Frequency of HSCs in UCB -- In Vitro Colony Assays -- In Vivo Xenogeneic Mouse Models -- Phenotyping the Human HSC -- Specifics of UCB-Derived HSCs -- Homing and Engraftment -- HSC Differentiation and Self-Renewal -- Conclusions -- 2. Cord Blood and Cancer / Mary J. Laughlin, R. Patrick Weitzel -- Introduction -- History of Cord Blood Transplantation -- Advantages of Cord Blood as a Source of Allogeneic Stem Cells -- Clinical Trials to Date - Pediatric Recipients -- Clinical Trials to Date - Adult Recipients -- Double UCB Transplantation -- Non-Myeloablative UCB Transplantation in Adults -- Cellular and Molecular Observations Underlying Clinical Advantages -- Current Indications -- Summary and Conclusions -- 3. Self-Renewal of Primitive Hematopoietic Cells: A Focus on Asymmetric Cell Division / Andre GOrgens, Bernd Giebel -- Introduction -- Principal Mechanisms for Controlling the Decision Self-Renewal Versus Differentiation of Somatic Stem Cells -- Stem Cell Niches and Asymmetric Cell Division are Not Mutually Exclusive -- The Hematopoietic Stem Cell Compartment -- Asymmetric Cell Division of Primitive Hematopoietic Cells -- 4. Ex Vivo Expansion of Cord Blood Hematopoietic Cells / Ian K. McNiece -- Introduction -- Ex Vivo Expanded Cells Provide Rapid Engraftment -- Immunomagnetic Selection of UCB Products for Ex Vivo Expansion -- Availability of Clinical Grade Reagents -- Clinical Experience with Ex Vivo Expanded Cells -- Summary -- Part II. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) -- 5. Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Mark F. Pittenger -- Introduction -- Tissue Repair and Regeneration -- MSCs Across Species and Tissues -- Characterization of MSCs -- Functional Characteristics of MSCs -- Umbilical Cord MSCs -- 6. Bone Tissue Engineering / Johannes C. Reichert, Travis J. Klein, Kunnika Kuaha, Bart Rijckaert, Ulrich NOth, Dietmar W. Hutmacher -- Introduction -- Bone Structure and Osteogenesis -- Bone Marrow Stromal and Human Umbilical Cord Perivascular Cells for Bone Tissue Engineering -- Bone Tissue Engineering -- Bioreactors -- Clinical Bone Engineering -- Conclusion -- 7. Neural Differentiation of Umbilical Cord Blood Derived Cells and Applications in Neurological Disorders / Gerald Udolph -- Introduction -- How It All Began: In Vitro Differentiation Into the Neural Lineage of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Cells -- In Vitro Differentiation of Human Cord Blood Derived Cell Types Into the Neural Lineage -- Is Neural Differentiation of Cord Blood Cells an Artifact? -- Cord Blood Cells in Preclinical Studies of Neurological Diseases -- Neuroprotective Effects of Cord Blood Stem Cells In Vitro -- Clinical Studies Using Cord Blood Cells in Neurological Diseases -- Concluding Remarks and Further Questions -- 8. Immunological Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated from Bone Marrow and Umbilical Cord / Mark F. Pittenger, Katarina LeBlanc -- Introduction -- Lack of Immune Response to Allogeneic MSCs -- MSCs From Cord Blood or Umbilical Cord Tissue -- Immune Modulatory Activity of MSCs -- MSCs and T-Lymphocytes -- MSCs and B-Lymphocytes -- MSCs and Dendritic Cells (DCs) -- MSCs and Natural Killer (NK) Cells -- Nitric Oxide Produced by MSCs -- Galectin-1 Expression by MSCs -- HLA-G Expression by MSCs -- MSCs as Universal Donor Cells -- Preclinical Studies Using Allogeneic UC-, UCB- and BM-MSCs -- Clinical Experience of MSC Infusion -- Conclusions -- 9. Expansion of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) for Clinical Use / Marie Prat-Lepesant, Marie-Jeanne Richard, Jean-Jacques Lataillade -- Introduction -- Technical Prerequisites for In Vitro MSC Expansion -- Regulatory Recommendations for Clinical-Scale Production of MSCs -- MSC Culture Process: An Innovative Serum-Free Medium Suited for Clinical Applications -- Preparation of Clinical-Grade Platelet Lysate for GMP-Compliant MSC Production -- Large Scale GMP-Compliant MSC Production -- Conclusions -- Part III. Other Stem and Progenitor Cells in Cord Blood and Surrounding Tissue -- 10. The Unrestricted Somatic Stem Cell (USSC) / Gesine KOgler, Teja F. Radke, RUdiger V. Sorg -- Introduction -- Isolation, Expansion and Characterization of USSCs from Fresh Cord Blood -- Generation and Culture of GMP-Grade USSCs -- Isolation, Expansion and Characterization of USSCs from Cryopreserved Cord Blood Samples -- Differentiation of USSCs Towards the Mesenchymal Lineage -- Differentiation of USSCs into Cardiomyocytes and Myocardial Applications -- Neural Differentiation of USSCs -- Endodermal Differentiation of USSCs -- Hematopoiesis Supporting Activity of USSC -- Comparison of USSCs and MSCs from Cord Blood -- 11. Endothelial Precursor Cells / Marcie R. Finney, Mary J. Laughlin -- Introduction -- Angiogenesis and Endothelial Progenitor Cells -- EPC Phenotype -- Isolation and Culture of EPCs -- Animal Models of Neovascularization -- EPCs from UCB -- Conclusions -- 12. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Wharton's Jelly / Mark L. Weiss, Kiranbabu Seshareddy -- Introduction -- Characteristics of WJCs -- Comparison of WJCs with Other Stem Cells -- WJCs Isolated from Other Species -- Isolation Methods For WJCs -- In Vitro Expansion Conditions -- In Vitro Differentiation of WJCs -- Preclinical Work Using WJCs -- Unresolved Issues of WJC Characterization -- Translation of WJCs from the Laboratory Bench to the Clinic -- Part IV. Future Outlook -- 13. Banking of Cord Blood / Shin Y. Ong, William Y. K. Hwang -- Introduction -- First Public Cord Blood Bank and Unrelated Donor Transplants -- Sibling Donor Cord Blood Banks -- Private Cord Blood Banks -- Worldwide Cord Blood Banking Networks -- Current Opinion on Cord Blood Banks -- Cord Blood Collection Process -- Selection and Release -- Quality Assurance, Accreditation and Licensing -- Future for Cord Blood Banking -- 14. Commercialization of Cord Blood / Vivek M. Tanavde -- Introduction -- Is Private Banking Necessary? -- Can Cord Blood Banks Generate Profits? -- What Does It Take to be a Successful Cord Blood Bank? -- Hurdles to Private Banking -- Other Commercial Uses of Cord Blood Stem Cells -- Why Commercialization of Cord Blood May Become Feasible in the Future -- Closing Remarks: Cord Blood Stem Cells: A Future for Regenerative Medicine? / Suzanne Kadereit, Gerald Udolph -- Index. Publisher Marketing: Umbilical cord blood, previously discarded after birth, has emerged over recent years as an alternative source of hematopoietic stem cells for hematological reconstitution, mainly for leukemia patients, as well as for some hematological deficiencies and bone marrow failures. In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that cord blood, as well as the surrounding tissue of the umbilical cord, contain additional stem cells which have been shown to be of great potential for regenerative medicine. Importantly, cord blood is abundant, it can be banked and shipped with ease, and thus has an indisputable potential for future medicines and regenerative therapies. Driven by a massive interest for regenerative medicine and alternative yet ethically acceptable stem cell sources, the scientific literature on umbilical cord and cord blood stem cells has increased tremendously. This book provides a consolidated, up-to-date overview of basic research on hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells contained within umbilical cord tissue, as well as other more recently described stem and precursor cells of not yet fully elucidated potential. It also takes an in-depth look at basic and translational research efforts with stem cells from the umbilical cord in academic institutions and biotech companies. Suitable for use as a primer and reference book by medical fellows and researchers entering the research fields of stem cell biology and regenerative medicine, it can also be used by students (undergraduate and graduate) as a starting point for read-up on the literature on stem cells and their potential and applications, or as a teaching tool in graduate schools for biologists, particularly for students wanting to enter the emerging field of stem cell biology.