Alexis de Tocqueville

The Recollections of Alexis de Tocqueville

Alexis-Charles-Henri Clérel de Tocqueville (1805 - 1859) was a French political thinker and historian best known for his works Democracy in America (appearing in two volumes: 1835 and 1840). In both he analyzed the improved living standards and social conditions of individuals, as well as their relationship to the market and state in Western societies. Democracy in America was published after Tocqueville's travels in the United States, and is today considered an early work of sociology and political science. He argued that the importance of the French Revolution was to continue the process of modernizing and centralizing the French state which had begun under King Louis XIV. The failure of the Revolution came from the inexperience of the deputies who were too wedded to abstract Enlightenment ideals. Tocqueville was a classical liberal who advocated parliamentary government, but was skeptical of the extremes of democracy.