Christine Chaponnier

Tissue Repair, Contraction and the Myofibroblast - Biotechnology Intelligence Unit Christine Chaponnier Softcover reprint of hardcover 1st ed. 2006 edition

Marc Notes: This text summarizes the latest findings concerning the biology of the myofibroblast, a cell involved in the evolution and contraction of granulation tissue and of fibrotic changes. Coverage shows that the myofibroblast is responsible for the development of hypertrophic scars, pulmonary and renal fibrosis and bronchial asthma. Table of Contents: Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction-The Evolution of the Concept of Myofibroblast: Implications for Normal and Pathological Tissue Remodeling / Alexis DesmouliEre, Christine Chaponnier, Giulio Gabbiani -- Fibroblast/Myofibroblast Transition -- Role of ?-SM Actin in Tension Generation -- 1. Cytomechanics in Connective Tissue Repair and Engineering / Robert A. Brown -- Stress-Shielding of Resident Cells against Applied Forces -- Force Vectors and ECM Anisotropy -- The Central Problem of Scarring Is Collagen Matrix Contracture -- Growth Repair and Contracture of the ECM: What Do They Involve? -- What Then Are the Real Functions of Fibroblast Force Generation? -- Cell-Molecular Responses to Cytomechanical Cues -- Contraction and Contracture for Collagen Remodelling (Shortening) -- 2. Scleroderma Lung Fibroblasts: Contractility and Connective Tissue Growth Factor / Galina S. Bogatkevich, Anna Ludwicka-Bradley, Paul J. Nietert, Richard M. Silver -- Scleroderma Lung Fibrosis and Myofibroblasts -- TGF-?, Thrombin and CTGF in SSc Lung Fibrosis -- Contractile Activity of CTGF -- 3. Functional Assessment of Fibroblast Heterogeneity by the Cell-Surface Glycoprotein Thy-1 / Carolyn J. Baglole, Terry J. Smith, David Foster, Patricia J. Sime, Steve Feldon, Richard P. Phipps -- Immunological and Inflammatory Characteristics of Thy-1 Fibroblast Subsets -- Fibrogenic and Proliferative Characteristics of Thy-1+ and Thy-1- Subsets -- 4. Tissue Repair in Asthma: The Origin of Airway Subepithelial Fibroblasts and Myofibroblasts / Sabrina Mattoli -- Phenoiypic and Functional Characteristics of Circulating Fibrocytes -- Phenotypic Characteristics and Bone Marrow Origin of Tissue Fibrocytes -- Identification of Circulating Fibrocytes as Precursors of Bronchial Myofibroblasts in Asthma -- Mechanisms Potentially Involved in the Recruitment of Fibrocytes into the Airways in Asthma -- 5. Experimental Models to Study the Origin and Role of Myofibroblasts in Renal Fibrosis / Michael Zeisberg, Mary A. Soubasakos, Raghu Kalluri -- COL4A3-Deficient Mice -- Nephrotoxic Serum Nephritis -- Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction -- Which Is the Best Model to Use? -- Hiscopathology and Morphometric Analysis -- 6. Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition of Mesothelial Cells as a Mechanism Responsible for Peritoneal Membrane Failure in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients / Abelardo Aguilera, Luiz S. Aroeira, Marta RamIrez-Huesca, JosE A. JimEneZ-Heffernan, Rafael Selgas, Manuel LOpez-Cabrera -- Peritoneal Fibrosis -- Role of TGF-? in the Pathogenesis of Peritoneal Fibrosis -- Implication of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of MC in Peritoneal Fibrosis -- Role of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of MC in Neovascularization and Peritoneal Transport Disorders -- Therapeutic Intervention on EMT -- 7. FIZZy Alveolar Epithelial Cells Induce Myofibroblast Differentiation / Sem H. Phan -- FIZZ1 Expression -- Effects of FIZZ1 on Fibroblasts and Myofibroblast Differentiation -- Regulation of FIZZ1 Expression -- FIZZ1 in Pulmonary Fibrosis -- 8. Pro-Invasive Molecular Cross-Signaling between Cancer Cells and Myofibroblasts / Olivier De Wever, Marc Mareel -- Host Cells Participate at Cancer Cell Invasion -- Myofibroblasts Stimulate Invasion -- Cancer Cell-Derived TGF-? Converts Fibroblasts into Myofibroblasts -- Myofibroblasts Ate Pro-Invasive through the Combined Action of Tenascin C (Tn-C) and Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scatter Factor (HGF/SF) -- Myofibroblasts Are Themselves Invasive -- The Pro-Invasive Switch in the Cross-Signaling Pathway -- 9. Proangiogenic Implications of Hepatic Stellate Cell Transdifferentiation into Myofibroblasts Induced by Tumor Microenvironment / Elvira Olaso, Beatriz Arteta, Clarisa Salado, Eider Eguilegor, Natalia Gallot, Aritz Lopategi, Virginia Gutierrez, Miren Solaun, Lorea Mendoza, Fernando Vidal-Vanaclocha -- Cancer Microenvironment and Tumor-Activated Myofibroblasts -- Pathophysiologic Aspects of the Hepatic Metastasis Process -- Hepatic Stellate Cell Transdifferentiation into Myofibroblasts during the Microvascular Stage of the Hepatic Metastasis Process -- Hypoxia Induces Proangiogenic Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cell-Derived Myofibroblasts in Avascular Micrometastases: Implications on Intratumoral Endothelial Cell Recruitment and Survival -- Structural Relationships between Myofibroblast and Neo-Angiogenic Patterns of Developing Hepatic Metastasis -- Intrametastatic Myofibroblasts Support Metastasis Development via Paracrine Cancer Cell Invasion and Proliferation-Stimulating Factors -- Targeting Tumor-Associated Myofibroblasts as a Novel Approach to Anti-Tumor Treatment in the Liver -- 10. Matrix Metalloproteinases, Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinase and Matrix Turnover and the Fate of Hepatic Stellate Cells / Aqeel M. Jamil, John P. Iredale -- A Brief Review of the Role of Activated Stellate Cells/Myofibroblasts in Hepatic Fibrosis -- The Regulation of Hepatic Stellate Cell Apoptosis -- Soluble Cytokines and Survival Factors in the Regulation of Stellate Cell Apoptosis -- The Role of TNF Receptor Super Family Members in Mediating Stellate Cell Apoptosis and Survival -- Matrix Stability and the Role of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases in Mediating Stellate Cell Survival -- 11. Innate Immune Regulation of Lung Injury and Repair / Dianhua Jiang, Jennifer Hodge, Jiurong Liang, Paul W. Noble -- Host Responses in Lung Injury -- Hyaluronan and CD44 in Lung Injury and Repair -- Interferon-? (IFN-?) and CXCR3 in Lung Fibrosis -- 12. An Eye on Repair: Myofibroblasts in Corneal Wounds / James V. Jester -- Corneal Imaging Using in Vivo CM -- Wound Contraction following Incision Corneal Injury -- Cellular Mechanism of Wound Contraction in the Cornea -- Myofibroblasts, Tissue Growth and Corneal Haze -- TGF-? and Appearance of Myofibroblasts in Corneal Wounds -- Differentiation of Keratocytes to Myofibroblasts -- Index. Publisher Marketing: hirty-four years after the first description of the myofibroblast, the number of publications concerning this cell is very impressive and Tcontinuously expanding, and the work on the myofibroblast involves many laboratories throughout the world. The myofibroblast has been implicated in developmental and physiological phenomena, as well as in a variety of pathological situations, going from wound healing and fibrotic changes to asthma and cancer invasion. Many aspects of myofibroblast biology have been clarified, such as the role of TGF-P and ED-A cellular fibronectin in its differentiation and the role of a-smooth muscle actin in tension production by this cell; however several important problems concerning myofibroblast origin, ftmction and participation in pathological processes remain to be solved. The purpose of this book, as well of the Meeting "Tissue Repair, Contraction and the Myofibroblast" that took place in Nyon, near Geneva, Switzerland on November 18-20, 2004, is to put together the most recent advances in the understanding of myofibroblast biology and to present the main directions of research taking place worldwide to explore new aspects of myofibroblast physiological and pathological activities, such as: mechanisms of force generation by the myofibroblast; myofibroblast origin and diversity; interaction of the myofibroblast with other cells, normal and malignant epithelial cells in particular; and participation of the myofibroblast in the development of fibrosis in various organs. If we consider the animated and constructive discussions that took place during the Nyon Meeting, we are sure that this book will inspire new research in these fields.